Can heat pumps be accessible for all?

Heat pumps are one of the most effective technologies for heating and cooling with renewable energy. They can drastically reduce emissions, cut dependence on fossil fuels and lower household energy bills in the long run. Yet, adoption remains slow, and for many Europeans, the price of heat pumps remains prohibitive. Upfront costs, complex installation needs (radiators, hot-water cylinders, boreholes, electrical upgrades, insulation), high electricity prices and the cognitive burden of comparing unfamiliar technologies may deter households. For tenants, the owner–tenant split further blocks adoption. Without action, the gap between those who can benefit from the technology, such as better-off homeowners, could deepen, while low-income families will remain locked into fossil systems with rising costs. Yet, solutions, such as social leasing and on-bill financing, could help bridge the affordability gap.

Check out our web dossier A fair participation in the EU's energy transition.